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Zheng Xuan’s “Ancient and Modern” Distinguishing

Author: Chen Bisheng (Teached by the Department of Philosophy in Qing Dynasty)

Source: “Humanities and Miscellaneous Journal” 2021 Issue 2

Abstract

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The two modern literary studies regard the “time nature” and “historical nature” of war. The five texts are the methods of the previous kings in terms of data. After Confucius’ remarks, they divide the methods of the previous kings, which are different from the times and different worlds, and they are not followed by the methods of the previous kings into a unified state. The method of Confucius as a king in href=”https://twsugarlover.org/”>Baozhuang. Zheng Xuan absorbed “Zhou Rong” and wrote “Zhou Rong” as the book and announced other books, which would be divided into a large number of differences with “Zhou Rong”<a The content recommended by Baocai.com is understandable as the method of Tang, Yu, Xia and Yin. The most classic of this is to explain the problems of "The ancients were born without titles and died without any responsibilities", "The ancients did not allow prisoners to guard the door", and "The king system" "The ancients did not send prisoners to guard the doors", "The ancients did not use public land to save money but did not pay taxes" and other problems. Because its system was "ancient" and it was different from "The Zhou Lu", Zheng Xuan understood the "ancient" as the system of Xia and Yin. In this issue, modern literature uses "ancient" as its value, and Zheng Xuan regards "ancient" as its history. After Zheng Xuan's understanding from the beginning, a time consciousness emerges inside the entire five systems. The result of this time consciousness is the method of the saint who has continuous and inherited differences in the time of internal construction.

Keywords: Zheng Xuan; study; ancient and modern

The French style of literature and learning from the two Han Dynasty is set on the Five Sessions, and a Confucius means that the scriptures become the “constant way”, as the “White Tiger Tong” says: “The scriptures are always.” 1 Taking the theory as the common way, one of its meanings lies in the “time nature” and “historical nature” of war. The texts of the five books are the meaning of the data, and the methods of the previous kings, “the five emperors do not follow the joy of the time, and the three kings do not celebrate each other in different times.” This is exactly Confucius’ remarks, decomposing the methods of the previous kings of the special times and different times, and decomposing each other into the unified methods of Confucius and one king.

From “Zhou Guan” and “Zuo Ji” come from the cliff walls and are among the circumcisions. Their clerical system and gifts are written by the two modern literary studies, which are difficult to avoid many differences, so there is a work of “Five Differences” by Xu Shen, which specializes in modern and modern literary traditions. Zheng Xuan wanted to combine the new classical system, and the method used was to once again let the five texts study the times. In other words, Zheng Xuan used time to solve the differences in ancient and modern literature, and thus created a set of academic systems with time as the main axis. And the example of its classic is Zheng Xuan’s new distinction between the “ancient and modern” problems in classics.

1. “Ancient”: Time and Value

In the late Qing Dynasty, whether it was Liao Ping’s “The Chapter of Knowing the Holy” or Kang Youwei’s “A Study on the Reform of Confucius”, the focus problems to be solved were the relationship between Confucius and Yan, Shun, Yu, Tang and Zhou Gong. The problem behind it was whether the legislator of Chinese civilization was Confucius or the saint kings of the dynasty before Confucius. The former is the words of the saints of the dynasty in the book, and they are all the same. Confucius reorganized the ancients. Therefore, Confucius studied the Su King who wrote “Years” and studied the theory that had never been implemented; the latter is the description of the saints of the dynasty in the book, and all the ancient Confucians who only describe but did not write, so study can become the history before Confucius. Therefore, the understanding of what Confucius said about “modernity” is directly related to understanding the quality of academics. In other words, if the laws of the Five Emperors and the Three Kings are different, then is it a set of laws or multiple laws included in the book? If there are multiple laws, it means the diversification of values. In what sense can this diversification of values ​​become “study”?

The two modern Chinese writers and the two political and religious affairs are highly emphasized, and there are A set of coordinated methods, even if the information of books is different from the times, such as “Shang Shun” describes Shun, “Shang Shun”, “Shang Shun” describes the Shang Dynasty, and “Zhou Shun” describes Zhou affairs, but these classics have been written by Confucius’s slandering and describing the system and principles of the different eras were all concluded by Confucius alone. Therefore, these systems and principles do not have the most basic contradictions, and are a unified set of “laws”. In other words, the essays of “The Legend”, “Shang Dynasty” and “Age” may be sometimes divided in the times or may have differences in the authors, but after Confucius’ deduction, it has become a coordinated French style that can be used to face real politics.

So, the two modern writers say that the understanding of the “modern” in books is generally based on the understanding of modernity as value, not history. Its specific content includes two modern descriptions, one is the understanding of “ancient” and the other is the understanding of the three dynasties of Shun. The methods that the two modern writers say are both to eliminate the “timeliness” within the learning and to make the theory more theoretical.

The book says that “ancient” is mostly emphasized as a value, rather than describing it as history. The words “ancient and modern” in “Mencius” are basically about understanding “ancient” as “value”.

These three words emphasize the “the way of the ancient times”, “the ancients” and “the ancients” do not refer to the differences between the present and the ancient system or the truth, but are by nature from ancient times, not from the present. There are contrasts between ancient and modern times in “Theory”,For obvious reasons.

The Master said: “The learning in ancient times was for oneself, and the learning in today was for others.”

The Master said: “The ancients had three diseases, and the current ones were also for the destruction. The crazy and crazy in ancient times were forever, and the current ones were forever. The proud and honest in ancient times were forever, and the proud and angry in today were forever. The stupid and straightforward in ancient times were forever, and the stupid and stupid in today was forever.”

In the contrast between ancient and modern times, “ancient” is value. In classics and sayings, there is only a small part of the descriptions of the ancient sage kings. For example:

“The Book of Changes·Xien”: The ancients were the kings of Baofeng. They looked up and watched the image of the sky, looked down and watched the method on the earth, and viewed the birds and birds, and adapted to the earth. They took the body and objects far away. So they started to write the Eight Trigrams to understand the virtues of gods and to illustrate the feelings of all things.

“Baihutong”: What did you think of Mi Xi? In ancient times, there were no three chapters and six chapters. You are approachable but you only know your mother but not your father. …What is the god farm? In ancient times, the people all ate birds and meat. Song Wei had to reply, “It’s okay, I’ll come back and have a look.” As for god farm, there are many people and there are few birds and animals. Therefore, the divine farming divides the benefits of the earth according to the time of heaven, and makes plows and hoes to teach people to work in the fields. The spirit transforms it so that it is suitable for the people, so it is called the divine farming. 2

This is called “ancient” and is slightly the same as that of “modern”. But there is no problem with the different worlds in what I said. In fact, there are many people who say “ancient” in writing, but most of them do not regard it as history, but as value. The saying of “Gongyang Biography” is that ancient times is worth not history. As the third year of Huan said: “The ancients do not agree, and the