一包養網站比較【李曉美】個人本位的社會主義——劉咸炘對個人本位與社會本位之爭的創造性闡釋

Keywords: Teaching target; personal; social; personal; socialism

Author introduction: Li Xiaomei (1992-), female, from Shandong, doctoral student in the Department of Teaching in Beijing, and is an important part of the dispute between personal and socialism. It is the main topic in the modern teaching target theory. When taking care of this topic, the current teaching theory teaching and science books often adopt compromise and standpoint, believing that both the “personal-oriented” and the “social-oriented” discussions have their own advantages and disadvantages, and should be compatible and integrated, and should be better and better. The differences between them were written by Liu Xian, a modern scholar, who wrote an article “One Story”, which shows the disadvantages of “Western theory of the conflict between personal and social meanings” [1] 27. In the context of inheriting Chinese traditional thinking, he specifically responded to the dispute between personal and social principles of teaching target concepts, and clearly proposed that “society is not social and social principles is not, and personal principles are not personal and personal principles are not” [1] 27. It is not a discussion of “personality” and “sociality”, but a dual dimension of “theory” and “principle”. “Theory” focuses on clarifying the inherent relationship between people and the world, people and others, and “principle” focuses on the starting point of the original teaching, and determines “personality” and “socialism”.Understanding “social-oriented” and “personalism”, he creatively put forward the argument of “personal-oriented socialism”, which can be regarded as a model for continuing to innovate theories of Chinese education. The author will use “One Story” as the middle, and use Liu’s other related comments in “Human Nature”, “Good and Self-Go”, “Group Governance”, “Movement and Planting” to give a detailed explanation.

1. Socialism is right but personalism is not

If you want to discuss which is right or wrong, “personalism” or “socialism”, you should first understand which is right or wrong, “socialism” or “personalism”. This is because the argument between “personality” and “sociality” is to solve the problem of the starting point of teaching, whether it is human or social, or to clearly determine the starting point of teaching, we must first reflect on the relationship between people and society. If a person is in the same body as society, it is necessary to distinguish between which one is the foundation and which one is the end; if a person is in opposition to society, one of the two must be considered. “Socialism” and “personalism” are differences in the inherent relationship between people and society. First of all, it should be clear that the “socialism” mentioned by Liu Xianyang here is not the “socialism” of the social form that is corresponding to “capitalism”, but a concept that is corresponding to “personalism”. In terms of understanding the relationship between people and society, “personalism” argues that everyone is isolated, opposite to the subject and object of society, and that they take individuals by giving up society, emphasizing individual independence, favors and unrestrainedness; “socialism” believes that everyone is a point in the relationship between endless time and space. People, people and society are a whole that is organically connected with each other. One body of contact finally calms down and falls asleep obediently. , inseparable. In this regard, Liu Xianqing’s view is very clear, and he believes that “socialism is” and “personalism is not”, and he agrees with “socialism” and denies “personalism”.

Liu Xianqing’s statement of “socialism” is not self-conceived, but adheres to Chinese traditional thinking, especially the essence of “one body”. “One body” is the universe and world view held by traditional Chinese thinking. He believes that the Liuhe people are an organic whole of life. From the “Man is the heart of Liuhe” in “Tendering and Gift” to the “Entering my compatriots, I am the same as everything” in Zhang Xi’s “Entering to my compatriots, I am the same as everything”, this kind of life-cooperation relationship between humans and Liuhe and all things is shared. In the preface of “History of Chinese Thoughts”, Mo Mu also abstractly understood this “one-piece” concept: “In Chinese Thoughts, they believe that there are thousands of things in the Liuhe, humans, and me in humans. From me, I am nothing in the human world, and humans are nothing in the Liuhe. And me, the crowd, things and the sky, are, in essence, one body, neither opposite nor absolute. “[2]5 “Not relative” and “not absolute” are both in terms of “one body”: not opposite, it means that people and people, people and all things in Liuhe are connected in one body, not the object of each other’s inner objectRelationships, such as people, are in the same body. When they leave the human body, they cannot be the human being; in absolute terms, they say that although people and people, people and all things are connected together, they are not complete and similar, but different, such as brothers and feet, they are in a different position in the human body and develop the function of divergence.

Liu Xianyang’s “socialism” is to inherit and develop this “one body” concept. He said: “The universe will continue to grow and rest; the universe will be full of things.”[3]737-738 and explain in one step, “Those who do not endure will continue to be eliminated”[3]738, “In one body, each episode will be eliminated until the remaining 5 contestants challenge the five, which will be connected”[3]738. It can be seen that Liu Xianqing’s “socialism” perspective promotes the traditional space “one body” perspective into the double “one body” perspective of time and space. He believes that each person is not an isolated existence, but a point in the infinite time and space connection, which is the universe and the strongest. The side of the world is connected to the ancestors and descendants, and the strongest side is the whole country. At the same time, this kind of time and space doubles “one body”, which is also “non-relative” and “non-definitely”. It is the “one body professor who owns multiple technology companies, and Teacher Ye has made it difficult for others to achieve for the rest of his life.” Liu Xian said, “The world is the result of the mutual influencing of people and all things.” [1] 13 A step further explains: “When all things are moved, they become thousands of things, and people are themselves. Those who are moved by history are passed down, and those who are moved by the poor are the environment.” [1] 13 What Liu Xian said The “feeling” of the word “sympathetic interaction”. Taking human body as an example, the hands and feet, mouth and nose, heart, blood vessels and other bodies are connected. When the hands and feet accelerate their movement, the mouth and nose will accelerate their breathing frequency, the heart will jump faster, and the hairy blood vessels will also expand. This is the sympathetic interaction between each part of the body. Similarly, since everyone is a point in the infinite time and space, there is infinite time and space connection, that is, it means that it is